John Baldessari - Throwing Three Balls in the Air

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John Baldessari (American, 1931-2020)

Throwing Three Balls in the Air to Get a Straight Line (Best of Thirty-Six Attempts), 1973

Medium: Complete set of twelve offset lithographs in colors, on coated stock paper, with title and justification pages. Loose as issued within the original blue letterpress paper folio with die-cut window opening

Edition of 2000: Not signed, not numbered

Dimensions: each 24.2 x 32.3 cm (9.5 x 12.7 in)

Literature: Hurowitz p. 471

Condition: Very good

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Three yellow balls floating against a clear blue sky

About this artwork

John Baldessari - Throwing Three Balls in the Air

Throwing Three Balls in the Air to Get a Straight Line (Best of Thirty-Six Attempts) by John Baldessari (American, 1931–2020) is a complete limited edition portfolio from 1973, comprising twelve offset lithographs in colors on coated stock paper, housed in the original blue letterpress folio with die-cut window.

In this landmark work of conceptual photography, Baldessari transforms a simple, absurd gesture into one of the most iconic statements in conceptual art — and a deadpan parody of the Pollock-era myth of the lone male genius wrestling heroically with his medium, replaced here by a casual backyard ball toss.

The series documents Baldessari's repeated attempts to photograph three balls suspended mid-air in perfect alignment, a feat governed entirely by chance. The 36 attempts are no accident: they correspond precisely to the number of frames in a standard roll of 35mm film, a structural joke hidden in plain sight, with the best 12 selected for the final portfolio. The work was also a two-person collaboration — while Baldessari threw, his then-wife Carol Wixom operated the camera — making chance the product of two performances intersecting rather than a single artist's will.

The result is one of conceptual art's most enduring statements about authorship, process, and the arbitrary standards by which artistic success is measured. The artwork is held in the permanent collections of SFMOMA and the Museum of Contemporary Photography, among others.

About John Baldessari

John Baldessari was a highly influential American conceptual artist who is best known for his pioneering use of appropriated imagery. He is widely regarded as one of the most important artists of the 20th century, and his work has had a significant impact on the development of contemporary art. Baldessari’s work challenged traditional notions of art and art-making, exploring the ways in which images and language can be manipulated to create new meanings.

Playing a pivotal role in the text-based art movement, he often incorporated text and found images into his work, using them to question the role of the artist and the art object. By juxtaposing images and text, John Baldessari delved into the power of language and the way in which art is communicated. His extensive body of work demonstrates the power of communication that can arise when texts and images are used in unison. Baldessari does this whilst offering a commentary on contemporary culture.

Although he was initially a painter, since the 1970s, John Baldessari has worked less with paint and increasingly with collage as well as printmaking, film, video installation, sculpture and photography. This move away from painting gave rise to his interest in billboards, and the ways in which they function as a popular means of communication.

John Baldessari’s work with limited edition prints excelled in seamlessly integrating diverse media into cohesive artworks. His printmaking practice enabled the layering of photographic images, text, and bold abstract forms, creating complex visual narratives that subvert conventional art expressions. Additionally, the release of fine art prints allowed Baldessari to make his playful conceptual ideas more accessible to a wider audience.

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